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ospf 区域分类详细

网络技术2022-07-26阅读
网络技术是从1990年代中期发展起来的新技术，它把互联网上分散的资源融为有机整体，实现资源的全面共享和有机协作，使人们能够透明地使用资源的整体能力并按需获取信息。资源包括高性能计算机、存储资源、数据资源、信息资源、知识资源、专家资源、大型数据库、网络、传感器等。 当前的互联网只限于信息共享，网络则被认为是互联网发展的第三阶段。

　　我们知道ospf中有几种区域类型：stub ，totally stub ,nssa ,totally nssa.

　　下面分别讲一下各种区域类型对路由的改变，实验图如下:

ospf 区域类型详细 三联

　　按如图配置好相关接口和参数，配置好后，查看R6路由如下：

　　O IA 192.168.123.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0

　　1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

　　O IA 1.1.1.1 [110/21] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0

　　2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

　　O IA 2.2.2.2 [110/21] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0

　　O IA 192.168.14.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0

　　3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

　　O 3.3.3.3 [110/11] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0

　　O IA 192.168.25.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

　　4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

　　O IA 4.4.4.4 [110/31] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

　　5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

　　O IA 5.5.5.5 [110/31] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

　　6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

　　C 6.6.6.6 is directly connected, Loopback0

　　172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets

　　O E2 172.16.0.0 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

　　O E2 172.16.1.0 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

　　O E2 172.16.2.0 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

　　O E2 172.16.3.0 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

　　C 192.168.36.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

　　O E2 192.168.0.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

　　O E2 192.168.1.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

　　O E2 192.168.2.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

　　O E2 192.168.3.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:06, FastEthernet0/0

　　配置R3及R6 area 3 为stub区域：

　　配置命令为:

　　R3(config-router)#area 3 stub

　　R6(config-router)#area 3 stub

　　修改完成后，R6路由如下：

　　O IA 192.168.123.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0

　　1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

　　O IA 1.1.1.1 [110/21] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0

　　2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

　　O IA 2.2.2.2 [110/21] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0

　　O IA 192.168.14.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0

　　3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

　　O 3.3.3.3 [110/11] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0

　　O IA 192.168.25.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

　　4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

　　O IA 4.4.4.4 [110/31] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

　　5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

　　O IA 5.5.5.5 [110/31] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

　　6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

　　C 6.6.6.6 is directly connected, Loopback0

　　C 192.168.36.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

　　O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 [110/11] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:07, FastEthernet0/0

　　由此可知stub区域不接收任何外部路由，用一条默认路由替代所有外部路由。

　　先在R4上查看路由表：

　　O IA 192.168.123.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:51, FastEthernet0/0

　　1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

　　O IA 1.1.1.1 [110/11] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:51, FastEthernet0/0

　　2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

　　O IA 2.2.2.2 [110/21] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:51, FastEthernet0/0

　　C 192.168.14.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

　　3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

　　O IA 3.3.3.3 [110/21] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:51, FastEthernet0/0

　　O IA 192.168.25.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:52, FastEthernet0/0

　　4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

　　C 4.4.4.4 is directly connected, Loopback0

　　5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

　　O IA 5.5.5.5 [110/31] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:52, FastEthernet0/0

　　6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

　　O IA 6.6.6.6 [110/31] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:52, FastEthernet0/0

　　172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets

　　O E2 172.16.0.0 [110/20] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:52, FastEthernet0/0

　　O E2 172.16.1.0 [110/20] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:52, FastEthernet0/0

　　O E2 172.16.2.0 [110/20] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:52, FastEthernet0/0

　　O E2 172.16.3.0 [110/20] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:52, FastEthernet0/0

　　O IA 192.168.36.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:52, FastEthernet0/0

　　C 192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1

　　C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1

　　C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1

　　C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1

　　在R4和R1上运行以下命令：

　　R2(config-router)#area 2 nssa no-summary

　　R4(config-router)#area 2 nssa no-summary

　　再次查看路由表：

　　C 192.168.14.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

　　4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

　　C 4.4.4.4 is directly connected, Loopback0

　　C 192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1

　　C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1

　　C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1

　　C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1

　　O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 [110/11] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:19, FastEthernet0/0

　　由此可知nssa totally 区域去掉所区域间和外部路由

　　先来查看一下R5路由表：

　　O IA 192.168.123.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.25.2, 00:35:59, FastEthernet0/0

　　1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

　　O IA 1.1.1.1 [110/21] via 192.168.25.2, 00:35:59, FastEthernet0/0

　　2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

　　O IA 2.2.2.2 [110/11] via 192.168.25.2, 00:35:59, FastEthernet0/0

　　O IA 192.168.14.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.25.2, 00:35:59, FastEthernet0/0

　　3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

　　O IA 3.3.3.3 [110/21] via 192.168.25.2, 00:35:59, FastEthernet0/0

　　C 192.168.25.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

　　4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

　　O IA 4.4.4.4 [110/31] via 192.168.25.2, 00:02:07, FastEthernet0/0

　　5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

　　C 5.5.5.5 is directly connected, Loopback0

　　6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

　　O IA 6.6.6.6 [110/31] via 192.168.25.2, 00:12:47, FastEthernet0/0

　　172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets

　　C 172.16.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

　　C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

　　C 172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

　　C 172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

　　O IA 192.168.36.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.25.2, 00:12:47, FastEthernet0/0

　　O E2 192.168.0.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.25.2, 00:02:02, FastEthernet0/0

　　O E2 192.168.1.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.25.2, 00:02:02, FastEthernet0/0

　　O E2 192.168.2.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.25.2, 00:02:02, FastEthernet0/0

　　O E2 192.168.3.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.25.2, 00:02:02, FastEthernet0/0

　　在R2和R5上运行如下命令：

　　R2(config-router)#area 1 nssa

　　R5(config-router)#area 1 nssa

　　O IA 192.168.123.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.25.2, 00:00:02, FastEthernet0/0

　　1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

　　O IA 1.1.1.1 [110/21] via 192.168.25.2, 00:00:02, FastEthernet0/0

　　2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

　　O IA 2.2.2.2 [110/11] via 192.168.25.2, 00:00:02, FastEthernet0/0

　　O IA 192.168.14.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.25.2, 00:00:02, FastEthernet0/0

　　3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

　　O IA 3.3.3.3 [110/21] via 192.168.25.2, 00:00:02, FastEthernet0/0

　　C 192.168.25.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

　　4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

　　O IA 4.4.4.4 [110/31] via 192.168.25.2, 00:00:03, FastEthernet0/0

　　5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

　　C 5.5.5.5 is directly connected, Loopback0

　　6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

　　O IA 6.6.6.6 [110/31] via 192.168.25.2, 00:00:03, FastEthernet0/0

　　172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets

　　C 172.16.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

　　C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

　　C 172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

　　C 172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

　　O IA 192.168.36.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.25.2, 00:00:03, FastEthernet0/0

　　这时发现没有默认路由，需运行以下命令：

　　R2(config-router)#area 1 nssa default-information-originate

　　这时R5路由如下：

　　O IA 192.168.123.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.25.2, 00:01:57, FastEthernet0/0

　　1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

　　O IA 1.1.1.1 [110/21] via 192.168.25.2, 00:01:57, FastEthernet0/0

　　2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

　　O IA 2.2.2.2 [110/11] via 192.168.25.2, 00:01:57, FastEthernet0/0

　　O IA 192.168.14.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.25.2, 00:01:57, FastEthernet0/0

　　3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

　　O IA 3.3.3.3 [110/21] via 192.168.25.2, 00:01:57, FastEthernet0/0

　　C 192.168.25.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

　　4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

　　O IA 4.4.4.4 [110/31] via 192.168.25.2, 00:01:59, FastEthernet0/0

　　5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

　　C 5.5.5.5 is directly connected, Loopback0

　　6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

　　O IA 6.6.6.6 [110/31] via 192.168.25.2, 00:01:59, FastEthernet0/0

　　172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets

　　C 172.16.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

　　C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

　　C 172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

　　C 172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

　　O IA 192.168.36.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.25.2, 00:01:59, FastEthernet0/0

　　O*N2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 192.168.25.2, 00:00:06, FastEthernet0/0


网络的神奇作用吸引着越来越多的用户加入其中，正因如此，网络的承受能力也面临着越来越严峻的考验―从硬件上、软件上、所用标准上......，各项技术都需要适时应势，对应发展，这正是网络迅速走向进步的催化剂。

……

标签:ospf区域类型详细
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